He aha ngā momo seli pū e tino pai ana mō ngā waka inuhi

Te Whakamārama i te Evolūhanga o te Hangarau Rīwhi mō ngā Waka Inuhi

Kei te pā ki tētahi hurihanga whakaora te ahumahi motuka ki te whakauru hiko, me ngā uira wātea ngā rīwhi mō ngā waka inuhi e āki ai he roa nui nei i tēnei huringa. Āhua ko ēnei kāwai hiko te kaha tuatoru i muri i te huringa o ngā waka inuhi, e whakatau ana i ngā mea katoa mai i te roa haerenga ki te tere uta. Ā, āhua ka whanaketia ake ngā raihana me ngā kairangahau i ngā whakaeke rīwhi anuanu ake e ahakoa te āhuatanga o te kaupapa e hāngai ana ki te whakapai ake i te ara o te kaupapa horoi.

Ngā Himikara Sel Rīwhi Matua kei ngā Waka Inuhi inaianei

Litium-ion: Te Paerewa O Nāianei

Kua puta ake ngā pūhiko rino-ītara hei kōwhiringa matua mō ngā wāhi pūhiko mō ngā waka inuhi, e tuku ana i tētahi takotoranga whakapakari o te kotahi o te nui o te hiko, roa o te ora, me te utu. Whakamahia ana e ēnei wāhi he katiora hōuka-ītara, me tētahi aniora karapini haurangi, e āwhina ana i te rokiroki hiko me te whakawhitinga kounga. Kua pakari tēnei hangarau i te tekau tau kua pāhua, me ngā whanaketanga marino tonu ki te mahi me ngā tikanga hanga.

Ka taea e ngā pūhiko rino-ītara hōu te tuku i ngā ine kaha motuhake o 250-300 Wh/kg, ā, ko ētahi hanganga matatau ka toro atu ki waho i ēnei rerekētanga. Ko tēnei nui o te hiko e hāngai ana ki ngā roa haere roa ake me ngā taumaha maama ake o ngā waka, e whakatika ana i ē rua kupu matua mō te whakaaetanga EV. Anō hoki, ko ō rātou aronga nofo ārai mate me tō rātou ora pikinga pai e hāngai ana rātou mō ngā whakamahinga motuka.

Ngā Pūhiko Tūmau: Te Tauira Mārama

Ko te hangarau riipene pū tōtika te āhuatanga hou mō ngā wae pū mō ngā waka inuhi. Ko ēnei wae hou e whakakapi ana i te paraihe rerehua e kitea ana i ngā pū litium-ion tawhito ki tētahi kōpiko taupiri, e tuku ana i ētahi huanga pai. Ko te paraihe taupiri e whakapai ake ana i te haumātauranga muna kāore he raru o te rere o te paraihe, ā, e whakaae hoki i ngā kotahitanga nui ake o te kaha me ngā whaitua tere ake.

E whai pūkenga ana ētahi atamira matua ki te whanaketanga o te hangarau taupiri, e īnohi ana i te whakamahinga hokohoko i roto i ngā tau e toe ana. E tuku ana ēnei pū i tētahi kotahi kaha e 80% ake i ngā wae pū litium-ion e whakamahia nei, ka taea pea te whānuitanga o ngā EV e 500 mīni ake anō i tētahi anuanu.

Ngā Hanga me ngā Hoahoa Wae

Ngā Wae Pāpā: Whakamahi Atamira Wā

Ko ngā sel e kaha mō ngā waka inuhi he pai ki te whakamahi i te wāhi me ngā pūkenga whakahaere wera. Ko ēnei sel hāngai he hanganga roto takirua e rahi ake ai te kotahi o te energi i te nui o te wāhi koretake. Ko te kātata kākae e toa ai te hanganga, ā, ko te tuitui haumaru ki te pūnaha whakamarie wera e pai ai mō ngā waka inuhi nui ake.

Ko ngā dimensions paerewa o ngā sel prismatic e āwhina ana i te tuitui haumaru, me te tiaki maama. Mā ō rātou mata papapa ka taea te whakapae i te wāhi pai, me te noho tika ki ngā paparanga whakamarie wera, kia tino pai te whakahaere wera i te taputapu reo katoa.

Ngā Sel Pūrua: Te Whakapono Pai

Ko ngā sel cawhara tonu te rongonui i roto i ngā whakamahinga maha o ngā waka inuhi, tēnei nā te pūmahara whakapaku me te kaha hanganga ake. E whai ana ngā sel riipene mō ngā waka inuhi i ngā tau whakapaku, ā, ka hua mai he tikanga whakapaku tino whanaketia, tino utu-kore. Ko te wāhanga porowhita e tohatoha ana i te pēhanga roto, ā, ka āwhina ki te roa ake o te ora whakamahinga.

Ko ngā sel cawhara hou, pērā i ngā fomata 2170 me te 4680, e whakapai ake ana i te kotahi ake wāhi me ngā āhuatanga mahana i te nuinga o ngā hoahoa tuatahi. Ko ngā rahi paerewa e whakarato ana i te whakapaku, te hanganga aunohe, ā, ka āwhina ki te heke i ngā utu whakapaku, i te wa e pupuri ana i te kounga tautuhi.

Ngā Whakaaro mō te Mahi me te Haumaru

Ngā Pūnaha Whakahaere Mahana

He mea nui te whakahaere wera kia pai ai te mahi me te roa o ngā sel rēti mō ngā waka inuhi. Āwhina ngā pūnaha mātai hou ki te pupuri i ngā wāhi mahi tino pai, ka aukati i te wera rawa i te wā o te uta tere, i te maimoatanga hoki i ngā takotoranga huarere tino kino. Ka whakamahi ngā waka inuhi hōu i ngā porowhita mātai wai, i ngā pūnaha heat pump rānei kia tino ū ano te wera o ngā sel katoa i roto i te pūtake rēti.

Ko te whakahaere wera hoki he tuara nui ki te whakaroa i te ora o te rēti mā te iti i te kawenga ki ngā sel i te wā o te uta me te tango rēti. Kei te whanaketia tonu e ngā kaihanga ngā ratonga mātai hou, tae atu ki te mātai tīwae sel me ngā matapae pānga-āhuatanga, kia pai ake te ihirangi wera me te haumātanga.

Ngā Tāhumaero me te Tiaki

Ko te haumārui he mea matua whakaminenga ki te hoahoa me te tūhura i ngā wae papatipu mō ngā waka inuhi. Ko ngā wae hou ka whai anuanu kia tiaki, tae atu ki ngā pūtau mahana, ngā taputapu whakakore i te awenga, me ngā tikanga whakawātea i te pēhanga. Āwhina ēnei āhuatanga haumārui i ngā punaha whaiaronga papatipu matataki kia aukati i te rere mahana me ētahi atu mōrearea e tika ana.

Ko ngā hoahoa wae hou anō hoki e whai kaha ake ana i te hanganga me ngā matapapatipu wehenga kua whakapai ake e mau ana i ngā tikanga tino herekau. Ko ēnei whanaketanga, i te takotoranga ki ngā tikanga whakamātautau whakapūmau, kia uru mai, te nui ake rānei i ngā paerewa haumārui matataki ngā papatipu waka inuhi.

Ngā Pātai e Patai Pūnoa Ana

E hia te roa o ngā wae papatipu waka inuhi?

Ko ngā seli rewharewha hōu mō ngā waka inuhi e hoahoa ana kia pupuri i te iti rawa 70-80% o tō rātou kapai taketake i muri i te 8-10 tau whakamahi tonu. E whai pā whakarāpopotanga nui ngā kaihanga e āki ai tēnei wā, ā, kei ētahi seli anō he āhua roa ake te ora i ngā tikanga pai.

He aha ngā mea e pa ana ki te tere uta o ngā seli rewharewha waka inuhi?

E hia hononga ka pa ki te tere uta, tae atu ki te kimikime o te seli, te whakamātau, te āhua o te uta, me te kaha o te pūnaha uta. Ka taea e ngā seli rewharewha hou mō ngā waka inuhi te eke ki ngā tere uta tere ake, i te pupuri i te haumātauranga me te roanga o te ora trātata i ngā matapae hou ake me ngā pūnaha whakahaere wera.

He tino utu ake ngā hangarau rewharewha hōu?

Ahakoa e tino nui ake ana ngā utu whakaputa i ēnei wā mō ngā arataki pili pūngao hou, kei te whakahaere rangahau me te whanaketanga kia ekonomik ake ngā sel pūhiko matua mō ngā waka inuhi. Anō hea, kei te pēra tonu te iti haere o ngā utu mā te whānuitanga o te rahi me ngā whanaketanga whakaputanga mō ngā arataki pūhiko katoa.