Ina haere koe ki ngā wāhi māhorahora, ko te whakauru pūmau he take nui mō ngā kaiwhakatere ō te wā o nāianei. Ahakoa kei te noho kampeni koe ki ngā wāhi mokemoke, kei te mahi i tētahi RV, i te raihana rānei mō ngā take āhuatanga, he mea nui te pūtau pūmau tataki e taea ai te noho pai i te wā e tū ana koe. Kua whanaketia ēnei taputapu mōhio kaua ko ngā pūtau noa, e tuku ana i ngā whakaritenga pūngao matotoru e taea ai te tiaki i ngā hiko matua e hāngai ana mō wā roa. Ko te mātauranga i ngā āhuatanga matua e whakatau ana i te uara o ēnei pūngao ka āwhina i a koe ki te whakatau tika e hāngai ana ki āu hiahia pūngao taiao.
Ko te mātai o te pūhiko o tētahi pūmanawa takotoranga he whenua e neke haere ana, e whakamahia ana i ngā haora-watt (Wh). E honoa tēnei tohu ki te roa o te wā e mōhiotia ai āu taputapu i mua i te hiahia ki te whakakī. Ko te tikanga o ngā haora-watt he nui ake te wā e mōhiotia ai, engari ko te mahinga tonu e hāngai ana ki te mātauranga o ngā wae taputapu kei roto me te uaua o te rere o ngā taputapu e hono ana koe. Ko te nuinga o ngā kounga pai e neke haere ana mai i te 200Wh mō ngā whakamahinga mama, ki te 2000Wh ki runga rānei mō ngā whakangao taiao.
He mea nui te mārama ki āu aronga hoko mātauranga kia taea ai te whiriwhiri i te mātai tika. Ko ngā taputapu iti pērā i ngā waea atamira me ngā paparorohiko e kai ana i te 10-20 wati, i te mea e kai ana ngā taputapu rahi ake pērā i ngā rorohiko takirua, ngā rīhi whakamaroke rereke, i ngā mīhini CPAP i te 50-100 wati, i te nui ake rānei. Tātai i ō hiahia mātauranga inaianei mā te whakarewa i te mātai watt o ia taputapu ki ngā haora whakamahi e matapae ana, ka tāpiri i tētahi pāpānga 20% mō ngā ngaro mātauranga me ngā whakamahinga kāore i whakaarohia.
Ko ngā whakaritenga o te hiko ka taea e te taputapu te hoatu i te wā roa, ā, ko te hiko pikinga he tohu mō te iti noa atu pea engari te nui ake o te hiko ka taea e te taputapu i te wā poto. E hiahihatia ana e te nuinga o ngā taputapu hiko nui ake i te timatanga, nō reira he mea matua nui ngā whakaritenga o te hiko pikinga mō ngā motuka, ngā paraihe, me ētahi atu utanga inductive e kitea ana noa i ngā taputapu mō waho.
Ko ngā tauira o ngā pūnaha hiko kawe-tūmatanui o te rāngai matua e tuku ana i ngā hiko tōaitanga e noho ana i waenganui i te 300W ki te 3000W, pea atu anō. Me whai whakaaro kia ō hiahia inaianei mō ngā taputapu, engari ko kātahi ko ngā hiahia ka taea ake i muri atu ina whiriwhiria te mōhio o te hiko. Ko te whiwhi i ētahi atu wāhi noho hei ārai i te taraweti haere i te pūnaha, me te whakarite kia pai tonu te mahi ahakoa e tipu haere ana ō hiahia hiko.
Ko ngā raihana hou mō te pūmahara pūkaha inaianei e whakamahi ana i te hangarau riipene riipene nā te iti ake, te roa o te oranga, me ngā āhuatanga mahi tērā i ngā kōpae tāraira hou. Kua hohoro noa te awhina a te riipene rino rino (LiFePO4) mō ngā whakamahinga taiao nā te haumātaitanga, te tūponotanga o te wera, me te ora o te kaponga e neke ake i te 2000 ngā wehenga utu. Kei te pupuri tēnei matū i te uara o te volta i te tōtika o te whakaputanga, ka whakariteia he tuku pūmahara tūmau ki ngā taputapu mariko.
Ko te mōhio ki te wera tētahi anō aronga matua o ngā pūnaha riipene kounga. Kei te pupuri ngā riipene nei i te mahi i runga i ngā tauwae wera whānui, ko te tikanga mai i -10°C ki te 60°C, ka pai ai mō ngā taiao taiao rereke. Ko te iti ake o te taimana mōhio ki ngā kōpae tāraira ka nui ake te māmā o te kawenga i ngā haerenga pūpahi, ngā haerenga hīkoi, i ngā āhuatanga whakarere.
Ko ngā kōwhiringa utu marawhara ka whakaritea kia mahi tonu te pūtahi hiko ahakoa he aha ngā puna hiko kei handa. Ko te nuinga o ngā wae rahi e tautoko ana i te utu AC mai i te pāpaku mō te rāranga i mua i te haerenga, te utu 12V i te waka i te wā e haere ana, me te putanga panel māriri mō te tautinotino whenua-kore. He mea nui te āhua o te utu māriri mō ngā whakahaerenga roto roto roa, e taea ai e koe te whai i te hiko arataki me te pupuri i te mana hiko mō ngā wiki, marama rānei ki ngā wāhi pōkai.
Pēnei i te āhua o te utu e rerekē ana i waenganui i ngā tikanga utu rerekē me ngā hoahoa pūtahi hiko. Ko te utu AC e tohatoha ana i te wā roa, e kī ana i te kapaiti katoa i roto i te 6-8 haora, engari ko te utu māriri e hāngai ana ki te wattage o te pānel, ngā tikanga āhuarangi, me te māriri e wātea ana. Mā te mōhio ki ēnei huanga e awhina i a koe ki te whakarite i ngā kaute utu me te tīpako i ngā tautuhinga pānel māriri e tika ana mō ō koutou whakahaerenga takotoranga taketake.
Ko ngā putanga AC hei takotoranga mātua o te nuinga o ngā whakamahinga pūrua atamira, e whakaae ana i te hononga o ngā taputapu me ngā taputapu kāinga. He mea nui te putanga pure sine wave mō ngā hiko kairangi, e tuku ana i te hiko maamaa e rite ana ki te kounga o te hiko arotake. Ka aukati tēnei āhuatanga i ngā mōrearea e hiahiatia ana e ngā taputapu ki ngā rama hiko hurihuri, ngā motuka, i ngā ara tikangia e kitea ana i ngā taputapu hōu.
Ka pa te maha me te tohatoha o ngā putanga AC ki te āhua me te nohonga i te wā o te whakamahi. Taea ana e ngā putanga maha te whakahaere tūmatanui o ētahi taputapu, i te wā e tautoko ana ngā wāhi noho mō ngā kaiwhakarato hiko rahi ake kaua e pouaka i ngā pōturi e tata ana. Ko ētahi tauira matatau kei reira sia katoa ngā putanga 120V arataki me ngā hononga motuhake mō te ū ki te whenua manene, ki ngā taputapu rerekē rānei.
Kua noho hei āhuatanga standa te whakauru atamira USB, engari he nui ngā rerekētanga i waenganui i ngā tauira e pā ana ki te mōhini me te rahi o te hiko. Ka taea e ngā atamira USB-C Power Delivery (PD) te hoatu i te 100W hei whakakī huarangapū tere, waihoki ko ngā atamira USB-A takotoria e hoatu ana ko te 12W mō ngā waea ringa me ngā paparorohiko. Ko te whakaaetanga Quick Charge ka whakarite kia tere te tere o te whakakī mō ngā taputapu e taea ana, ka iti ake te wā e kore ai e mahi i te wā o ngā mahinga taiwhenua.
Ko ngā putanga 12V DC motuhake e mahi ana mō ngā taonga hātepe motukā, ngā taputapu irirangi pāremu, me ētahi atu taputapu motuhake e kitea ana i ngā takiwā taiwhenua. Ko ngā atamira pūpahi, ngā hononga puipui, me ngā karu pāpaku e tuku tika kia tūhonohono ngā taputapu DC rereke kaua e hiahia ki ngā inverter, ki ngā piriti rānei e uru ana ki te itinga o te uara.
Ko ngā punaha whakahaere pū nui (BMS) e tiaki ana i te pūtau hiko me ngā taputapu huinga mā te whai mōhio me ngā mahi whakahaere katoa. Ko ēnei punaha e mātara tonu ana i te volta, te wae, te wāhi noho, me te tikanga utu kia kaua ai te utu tino, te utu iti, ngā hororongo poto, me ngā tikanga wera rawa. Ko te whakaurunga BMS kounga e roa ake ai te ora o te pū, e whakarite ana i te whakamahi haumaru, ā, e tuku rāwhiti i ngā raruraru e taea ana.
Ko te tiaki i te wae hiko e karo ai ngā herenga ina heke mai ngā taputapu huinga ki ngā arataki whakamahi haumaru, i te wā e pā ana ki ngā herenga roto. Ka wehe aunoa te hiko ki ngā takotoranga painga, engari ka mau tonu te whakamahi i ngā atamira atu, ka kore pea te punaha katoa e wehe ina pakaru tētahi taputapu anake. Ko te mātai wāhi noho e whakarite ana kia whakamahia te kapa ki roto i ngā rohe wera haumaru, ka whakauru ngā parahuka whakauka, i te wā e hiahiatia ana, kia whakaitia te hiko.
Ko ngā whakamahinga taiepa e pā ana ki te pāmu, hauora, kōkirikiri, me ngā āhuatanga mōrahi o te kiko tēnei e taea ai te whakaroa i te mahi me te haumaru. Ko ngā nama IP (Ingress Protection) e whakaatu ana i te rahi o te horapa o te taiao, ā, ko ngā nama tikangia he pai ake te tiaki mai i ngā pārtihana me te wai. Ahakoa kāore te nuinga o ngā pūnaha hiko pūrere e kore e pāwhara tonu, ko te tiaki pai e aukati ana i te hurihanga mai i te ua, hauora, me ngā tikanga parurenga e noho ana i ngā taiepa.
Ko te marino ki te patunga me te kōkirikiri e whakarite ana i te mahi tūpono ina nekeha ana, ina whakamahia hoki ki waho. Ko ngā takotoranga kaha, ngā tūnga paerewa o roto, me ngā ekata kōpae e tiaki ana i ngā wāhanga māmā mai i ngā patunga. Hei waenga tēnei o ngā whakamahinga mōhio kei te neke haere haere, kei te whakamahia haere hoki te taputapu.
Ko te whakataritari i te mōhio pūngao me te wāwāhi tika e hiahiatia ana kia whai mātāpono ki āu hiahia pūmanawa. Ko ngā taputapu māmae i raro ika 20 pauna e tuku ana i te noho haere pai mō ngā mahi pakanga me ngā hīkoi engari e tuku ana i te mōhio iti noa mō ngā taputapu iti. Ko ngā kōwhiringa waikato i te 30-50 pauna e tuku ana i te pūngao nui ake mō ngā kaipuke motukā, ngā RV, engari e tino āwhina ana i te nuinga o ngā kaiwhakamahi.
Ko ngā taputapu taumaha e pānuitia ana ika 50 pauna e tuku ana i te mōhio rahi rawa atu engari e here ana i te whakaritenga mō te kawemai, kaweake hoki. E whai wheira, he ringa roa, he hoahoa waehe rānei ēnei pūnaha e āwhina ai i te nuinga i te taumaha. Me whai whakaarotia ōu pūkenga tinana, ngā tikanga kawe, me ngā wāhi tūtohu ina arotake ana i ngā utu o te rahi me te taumaha.
Ka whakamahi ngā hoahoa āhua tapawhā teitei i te wāhi o roto, e tuku ana i ngā takotoranga pakari mō te whakauru. Ko ngā arai, ngā paparorohiko whakahaere, me ngā tohu wāhi e pa ana ki te māmā o te whakauru me te whakamahi. Ka tūnga ngā kapa pai i ngā putake me ngā whakahaere e whakamahia ana i ngā mata e urupare ai, ka tiaki i ngā waeonga matua mai i ngā pānga kihai i te mahia.
Ko ngā punaha tūhura e tuku ana i ngā korero e hiahiatia ana mō te nohoanga o te pūhiko, te whakamahi pūngao, me te hauora o te punaha. Me maama te kitea i ngā arotini LCD, LED rānei i ngā tikanga mārama rerekē, ā, me tuku kia rahi pea ngā korero mō te whakahaere pūngao. Ko ētahi tauira matatauranga kei te whai tono mōhinī mō te tirohanga tawhito, te whakahaere hoki, e hua ana i te māmā mō ngā whakaurunga herenga rānei, ngā punaha maha-kapa rānei.
Ko ngā turanga hiko pūmau kounga he nuinga o ngā whakaurunga tuatahi, engari ko tō rātou uara roa-roa e hāngai ana ki te kounga hanganga, te noho tūpono, me te tika mō te whakamahinga. Ko ngā tauira premium ki ngā āhuatanga matatau me te hanganga kaha e utua ake ana i te timatanga engari e hoatu ana he mahi pai ake, he ora ratonga roa ake, me te whakamarie whakamarie pai ake. Tātai i te utu katoa o te whai pānga tae atu ana ki ngā waea whakakapi, ngā herekoreti tiaki, me te mahi uaua ina mātai ana i ngā kōwhiringa.
Me mōhio te utu o ngā rongoā hiko takotoranga pērā i ngā kowhatu, te tuutuu o ngā waka, i te whakakapi haerenga o ngā reoohine ina arotake ana i ngā whakaurunga turanga hiko pūmau. E mārama nei ngā taputapu e hoatu ana he mahi maamaa ake, kore kawarangi, iti ake ngā herekoreti tiaki, me te nui ake o te whaihua mōhio ki ngā tikanga tuku iho, ka tino whakaaetia ai te utu tuatahi nui ake trūnga te whaihua pai ake me te iti ake o ngā utu e pa ana.
Ko te whiriwhiri i ngā āhuatanga e hāngai ana ki ōu hiahia pūmahara anō e aukati ana i te utu nui mō ngā whaitua kore e whakamahia ana, e tino pai ana hoki te mahi mō ngā whakamahi e hiahiatia ana. Heoi anō, he tauira takitahi mō te tūhono haumaru mō ngā taputapu, ā, ko ngā āhuatanga matatau pērā i te putanga rā, ngā putanga AC maha, me te putanga kaha teitei e whakaae ana i ō rātou utu mō ngā whakamahi uaua. Me whai whakaaro ki ngā hiahia ka taea te puta ake i te wā e whiriwhiri ana, nā te mea ko te whakapai ake e hiahiatia ana te hoko i tētahi kapa hou katoa.
Ko ngā kōwhiringa whānuitanga pērā i ngā kāpene manawa atu, i ngā whakauru parareka rānei e tuku ana i ngā ara whānuitanga kāore e hiahiatia ana te whakakapi katoa i te pūhui. E tuku ana ētahi kaihanga i ngā hoahoa arataki e taea ai te whānui ake i ngā kāpene manawa atu, e tuku ana i te maru mō ngā herekore hiko e huringa ana, i te wā e tiaki ana i ngā uaratanga tuatahi.
Ko te wā whakahaere e hāngai ana ki te mōhio o te pūnaha hiko (e neke ana i ngā whati-hora) me te whakamahi hiko o āu taputapu. Weheia te nama whati-hora a te pūnaha ki tō katoa hiko taputapu kia tātari ai i te wā whakahaere. Hei tauira, ko te 500Wh e whakahaere ana i tētahi rorohiko 50W ka whakahaere noa i ngā 10 haora, ka tautapa hoki i ngā ngaro uara. Ko te tikanga, kaua e whakauru he pākiwaitara 20% kia ū ki ngā mōhio āhuatanga.
E tautoko ana te nuinga o ngā pūnaha hiko pūkoro kounga i te uta tūhuratanga, e whakaae ana i te wā kotahi e uta ana me te whakahaere. Ahakoa, ka taea e tēnei āhuatanga te whakaiti i te uara o te uta, ā, he wera anō hoki ka hua. Tirohia ngā tohu o tō kāwai, kaua hoki e whakauru i ngā mahi hiko nui i te wā e uta ana kia kaua ai te wera iti me te pai ai te hauora o te pātene.
Ko te rahi o te pānui rā anuanu e whai ana ki tō hiahia rā i ia rā me te wā e waia ai te rā. He tikanga whānui, ka whai mātua kia 20-30% te kapaiti rā anuanu o ō hiahia rā i ia rā kia āki ai ngā panoni ahuarangi me ngā ngaro i te uara uku. Ko te pānui 100W e 300-500Wh pea i ia rā i ngā tikanga pai, he tauira noa iho mō ngā hiahia hiko.
Pupuri i tō kāwai ki te 50-80% o te uku i ngā tikanga makariri, maroke ina kāore i te whakamahia. Me whakakore ngā wehenga uku katoa me ngā whakaritenga tino e hara ai i ngā pētiere rītini. Hangaia ngā wehenga uku katoa ia marama kia pupuri ai te tika o te pētiera, pupuri ai ngā takotoranga ma, maroke, me te arataki i ngā tohutohu a te kaihanga mō ngā wā tiaki me ngā tikanga kia pai ai te mahi me te roa o te wā.
Pānui Pāhotanga
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